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Thermal Runaway of Lithium-ion Power Battery

  1.Classification of thermal runaway accident triggering There are many triggering reasons for the thermal runaway accident of lithium-ion power battery. According to the characteristics of triggering, it can be divided into three categories: mechanical trigger, electrical trigger and thermal trigger. The three types of trigger forms have certain internal relations.  Generally, mechanical trigger will cause short circuit and electric trigger, while electric trigger heat generation will cause thermal trigger, and thermal runaway caused by thermal trigger is the core of accident trigger. The mechanism analysis of other triggering forms cannot be separated from the study of thermal triggering mechanism.   Mechanical trigger includes crush , nail penetration , drop , etc., which is mainly characterized by deformation of the battery under force; Electric triggering includes external short circuit, internal short circuit, overcharge, over-discharge, etc. The main feature is t...
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Safety Considerations for Lithium Battery Testing

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1.Introduction As a broadly applied power source for portable devices,lithiumion battery has advantages of high energy density, no memory effects, long cycle life, being environmental friendly,etc. After small lithium-ion batteries are dominant in the consumer electronies area, large lithium-ion batteries are developed, marching into automobile and power grid applications.   The application of lithium-ion battery brings about fire accidents and explosions, many researchers in the field of battery chemistry have studied and analyzed the reasons of battery failures under various conditions from a chemistry point of view. According to such studics, continuous improvements of battery components were made: various anode and cathode materials were developed to improve the chemical stability; a multilayer separator was designed to limit thermal runaway; proper additives were introduced into electrolyte to block chemical reactions or to discharge the battery itself for mitigation of overch...
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What is IEC 62133 Test Standard ? – Part 2

  (3) Thermal abuse Thermal abuse refers to the simulation of improper battery use under high temperature, such as placing mobile phones in sun exposed cars, or placing mobile phones or electronic products in microwave ovens.  The external heat source directly acts on the lithium battery, causing complex internal chemical reactions, such as the decomposition of SEI film, the redox reaction between electrolyte and positive and negative electrode materials, which further evolves into heat runaway.  In addition, the diaphragm melts and shrinks at high temperature, leading to short circuit of positive and negative poles, which is very likely to cause fire or explosion. In the IEC62133: 2012 standard, only minor changes have been made to the heat abuse test, that is, small electric cores are kept at 130 ℃ for 10 min, and large electric cores are kept at 130 ℃ for 30 min. This is due to the increasing volume energy density and high capacity of single lithium ion battery. ...
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What is IEC 62133 Test Standard ? – Part 1

  Lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy, high voltage, long cycle life and low self discharge. It has become one of the main power supplies for portable electronic products such as mobile communication, notebook computers and electric tools. However, under misuse conditions (such as heating, overcharge, short circuit, vibration, extrusion, etc.), lithium-ion batteries may cause fire, explosion and even personal injury.  Therefore, the safety problem of lithium ion battery has become the bottleneck of its development. At present, many countries or testing institutions are studying new lithium battery safety technologies and formulating more scientific and perfect standards. For example, the testing standards applicable to lithium batteries for portable equipment are: 1EC62133, UL1642, JIS C8714, IFEE1625, UN38.3, etc.  This paper mainly analyzes and compares the differences between the 2002 edition and 2012 edition of the standard IEC62133 for lith...
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What is UN 38.3 T6 Test ? – Part 2

  3.Research on T6 Test Method For T6 test, due to the diversity of existing lithium battery types, it is necessary to select different test methods for different types of lithium battery cells. During the research of the lithium battery working group of the United Nations Transportation Expert Committee, the test methods such as crush , nail penetration , NASA blunt puncture, and Japanese PSE forced internal short circuit were included in the discussion.   These tests will be briefly introduced below: 1) Crush: crush test is a very common test method for lithium batteries, which is used in abuse tests of various standards. In IEC 60,086-4 Primary Batteries – Part 4: Safety of Lithium Batteries, this test is used as an alternative method for heavy impact test of some types of batteries. Generally, the battery is squeezed in two planes and released after reaching a certain pressure. This test can not cause internal short circuit to all types of lithium battery cells, but it i...
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What is UN 38.3 T6 Test ? – Part 1

  1.Lithium Battery Transportation Safety As a new type of clean energy, lithium battery has been supporting the products that are essential and accessible to people at any time. Therefore, its safety is related to all consumers, manufacturers and transport departments, which has aroused concern from all parties.   Lithium batteries are mainly divided into lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. The cathode of lithium metal battery is lithium metal, and the positive and negative poles of lithium ion battery are compounds embedded with lithium ion. Since Sony Corporation of Japan successfully developed lithium-ion batteries in 1992 and commercialized them, they have been widely used as power supplies for mobile phones, portable computers, cameras, cameras, etc.  Due to their unique advantages such as high working voltage, high energy flow density, long cycle life, low self discharge and no pollution. Similarly, it is also gradually developed into a mainstream en...
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Li-ion Power Battery Crush Test – Part 2

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  2.1 Test preparation Cylindrical and square batteries are commonly used as power cell. The research object of this paper is a square cell, which is mainly composed of nickel cobalt manganese positive electrode and graphite negative electrode chemical material system. Single battery size: X Y Z=W x L x H=27 mm x 148 mm x 94 mm, rated voltage: 3.7 V, rated capacity: 37 Ah.  The single battery is arranged in the module in the form of superposition along the width direction (X direction) of the single battery. In this paper, the definition of module crush direction is consistent with that of monomer, and the battery monomer and module are shown in Figure 3. The displacement, load, voltage, temperature data and video data of the crush process were collected by extruding the cell and module with the indenter, and the test results were analyzed.   2.2 Results of cell crush test   Carry out the XYZ crush working condition test on the electric core in these three directions...
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